1. 大學英語寫作教學設計有哪些步驟
一個完整的教學設計一般包括教學目標、教學重難點、教學方法、教學步驟與時間分配等環節。
教學設計是根據課程標準的要求和教學對象的特點，將教學諸要素有序安排，確定合適的教學方案的設想和計劃。
2. 高一英語寫作課教案中的教學目標怎麼寫
Teaching Aims
1.To get the students to appreciating remarks on friendship or friends.
2.To enable the students to write a short story about friends or friendships.
Teaching Proceres
Step 1 Discussion
Now, I found 500 pounds in Roy』s pocket. Did Roy steal the money from the charity? Someone says 『yes』, someone says 『no』. If Roy did steal the money from the charity, shall I tell the teacher or call the police? If Roy didn』t steal the money, what should I do?
Discuss it in groups of four .
Collect answers from students. Draw a conclusion; whether Roy stole the money or not, we help him all the same. Because we』re friends. Friends are the ones we can get help from and we can trust.
In this unit, we have talked a lot about friends and friendship, knowing the importance of friends. And what do you think of a friend or friendship?
How to keep friendship?List good qualities and bad qualities a friend may have.
Suggested answers:
Good qualities:
hospitable considerate enthusiastic friendly kind polite honest loyal brave positive optimistic smart intelligent modest generous determined responsible mature
Bad qualities:
dishonest unfriendly dishonest rude impolite selfish lazy careless pessimistic Brainstorming:
Step 2 Writing
Describe a problem you had with a friend and give advice on how to keep friends.
Suggested expressions:
close, trust, chat, be on good terms, get on very well, keep in touch, get to know, personal matters, be similar to , considerate, warm hearted, honest,
一些有關友誼的名言警句如：
On friends and friendship:
A true friend is one soul in two bodies. (---Aristotle)
A friend in need is a friend indeed. (---Ray)
Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing.(---Benjamin Franklin)
A friend is a present which you give yourself. (---Robert Louis Stevenson)
Fate chooses your relatives, you choose your friends. (---Abbe Jacques Deille)
A faithful friend is the medicine of life. (---William Shakespeare)
The bird a nest, the spider a web, man friendship.(---William Blake)
We choose our friend by instinct, but we keep them by judgment. (---Alfred Capus)
Friendship is love without his wings. (---George Gordon Byron)
True friendship is a plant of slow growth.(---George Washington)
Sample:
Friendship is one of the most valuable relationship in our lives, it may even last through you whole life. I have a good friend. Sometimes I argue with my friend. For example, once we discussed a problem of our homework, as we held different ideas and wanted to persuade each other, we argued a lot. However, after we found the correct answer, the one that was wrong apologized at once. No matter how often we quarreled and what we quarreled for, we are good friends for ever.
My favourite proverb says ' friend are like stars, you don』t always see them, but you know they re always there.' Thats true, indeed friends are willing to help you all the time. When you are down ,friends raise you up with their hearts .When you lose your way, friends guide you and pull you to the right way. When you have sorrow to complain of, friends are always the best ears for you.
So please cherish your friends, because everyone of them is unique and precious. Getting along with friends is just like growing plants. We must use patience, trust, and honesty as fertilizer to make friendship stonger. And never forget ,plants need sunshine, so do friends. Often give them some warm and you will find your hearts are getting closer.
Friendship stands on both sides , so the more you give and the more you will get . Remember, the key is your sincere heart.
Step 3 Promotion and Homework
1)Assign another writing task based on the following information:
What do you think of a friend or friendship?
How to keep friendship?
2） Instruct the students to write and revise by themselves.
3) Let the students hand in their final copies.
4) Select some good samples to read to the whole class.
Suggested sample:
Friendship is the most important things in life. Good friend would like to help you when you met some troubles. Real good friends could put each other in their hearts. Real friendship is like the spring rivers flowing down the mountains, silently. Everybody is looking forward to meeting real friends.
How to find real friendship and keep it? I think it is like you planting a big tree. You should choose good seeds and take care of it to make it grow. Almost the same thoughts between each other is on base. Maybe fight also will happen. How to do? To make real friend, you don't be shy to explain your thoughts to the other. Try your best to keep friendship forever. It is necessary to tell the truth and respect each other.
教學實施過程：
針對學生這樣的實際情況，並受任務型教學法啟示「任務型教學理論實際上就是建立在討論或交流教學思路的基礎上的,是交流教學思路的一種發展形態,英語教學要以學生為中心,教師要為學生設計運用語言的環境,通過大量的交流活動總結和掌握語言的規律,並在交流活動中實踐,從而達到目的.」我對每模塊後的書面表達內容的教學作了調整，這樣處理：即把寫作課變成討論和寫作並存的活動課，並在活動課中備有相關的多媒體內容或音樂，使學生在真切愉快的情景中搜集寫作素材，完成寫作內容，最後達到激發學生寫作興趣，提高寫作技能並促進其他幾種技能的效果。具體教學過程如下：
第一步，確定題目後，教師啟發學生思考，回憶寫作中所需要的相關詞彙，必要時通過多媒體展示相關內容，然後教師在黑板上進行總結或藉助多媒體把關鍵詞語呈現給學生.例如外研版教材Book6 Mole3 Interpersonal relationship___ Friendship,該模塊的寫作任務講述朋友之間所產生的矛盾問題，並提出建議如何保持友誼：Describing a problem you had with a friend and giving advice on how to keep friends教師可先展示一些有關友誼或本班同學相處的圖片、幻燈片、音樂等,以激發學生的學習興趣。然後教師可引導學生說說自己的好朋友，盡可能用到本模塊所學過的詞彙：close, trust, chat, be on good terms, get on very well, keep in touch, get to know, personal matters, be similar to, considerate, warmhearted, honest, 等等。
第二步，分組討論（均勻分配不同程度的學生），要求學生圍繞寫作話題藉助有關詞彙，人人動口，積極思維:1.Who is your good friend? 2. How do you become good friends? 3. Have you ever quarreled with each other? 4.What』s the problem? 5. Have you made up? 6. What should you do to keep your friendship? 等, 並讓學生各抒己見,提供出不同的詞語句型，如1.I』ve known him/her for ... 2.We first met six years ago...I remember meeting him/her for the first time 3.We have much in common. 4. I not only...but also... 5.I suggest that... 6.Why not...? 7.Can』t we ...? 8. What about...? 9. Friendship is both... and... 10. If we... , we can...等也可提供一些有關友誼的名言警句如：On friends and friendship:
A true friend is one soul in two bodies. (---Aristotle)
A friend in need is a friend indeed. (---Ray)
Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing. (---Benjamin Franklin)
A friend is a present which you give yourself. (---Robert Louis Stevenson)
Fate chooses your relatives, you choose your friends. (---Abbe Jacques Deille)
A faithful friend is the medicine of life. (---William Shakespeare)
The bird a nest, the spider a web, man friendship. (---William Blake)
We choose our friend by instinct, but we keep them by judgment. (---Alfred Capus)
Friendship is love without his wings. (---George Gordon Byron)
True friendship is a plant of slow growth.(---George Washington)
同時教師提醒學生在討論中盡量使用正確的時態、語態並用英語交流。這一步也是學生英文寫作收集寫作素材的過程。教師可參考與到各個組中，幫助學生解決疑難問題，並根據不同的寫作內容和各小組的實際水平適當給他們提供一些新的詞彙，同時鼓勵那些平時不善於言談的學生開口交流和幫助基礎較差的學生。通過不斷的教學實踐，我發現：在這種活動或情景之下，學生無拘無束，大膽熱烈討論，加之教師的指導，寫作的素材自然獲得不少。最後每組選一位代表執筆完成書面表達，並在時間允許內在全班朗讀；
第三步，教師進行總結歸納： Friendship is a kind of human relations. It is a human instinct to make friends. When in trouble, we need friends to offer us help, support and encouragement. With success achieved, we also need friends to share our joys. .Long live friendship! 同時再次強調寫作中所需的時態、語態和學生寫作過程中容易犯的錯誤等關鍵問題。而後要求學生課後完成各自的寫作內容並上交作業。
第四步，作文評價是個意義重大的環節，可採用以下評價機制，包括學生自評→學生互評→教師評價→全班反饋→範文共賞五個環節。
學生參與情況：
運用這種教學方式，我所教的班級學生普遍反映：這種討論和寫作的方式更適合他們，因為氣氛活躍，讓人覺得輕松，通過小組的討論、互相幫助和老師的指引，較容易搜集到寫作素材,而且參考小組素材再結合自己的觀點，就更容易下手寫作了。每個小組都能寫出較為優秀的文章，而且，學生完成作業情況非常好，能充分運用課上所講的相關詞彙和表達方式，有些同學的文章寫得相當好，可以作為範文展示學習。總而言之，這種寫作教學法既激發了學生的寫作興趣，又提高了他們的口語表達能力，同時還培養了他們的群體合作精神，而且也達到了師生互動交流。